HOMEWORK

WEEK OF APRIL 29 TO MAY 3, 2013

APES PRACTICE EXAM 180 MC QUESTIONS, YOU WILL RECIEVE CORRECTED EXAM ON FRIDAY TO FIX OVER THE WEEKEND.

CORRECTED EXAM IS DUE ON MONDAY MAY 6, 2013 THE DAY OF YOUR APES EXAM AT 7:30 AM IN THE STUDENT ACTIVITIES ROOM WHILE WE HAVE SOME SNACKS BEFORE YOUR EXAM WHICH YOU WILL TAKE IN THE A CORRIDOR ON THE FIRST FLOOR, ROOM TO BE ANNOUNCED.

I WILL ALSO PROVIDE YOU WITH A GUIDE TO ANSWERING THE FRQ’S AND A REFRESHER GUIDE ON SCIENTIFIC MATH AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY NUMBERS WHICH WILL HELP YOU ON THE ONE FRQ WHICH ALWAYS DEMANDS THOSE SKILLS FROM YOU.

DON’T FORGET TO PAY YOUR EXAM FEE TO ME OR ANY OF YOUR OTHER AP TEACHERS OR MS TAYLOR BY FRIDAY MAY 3, 2013.

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Environmental Law Assessment– Study my list posted here…

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Name	Abbr.	Description
Atomic Energy Act	AEA	-development and regulation of the use of nuclear materials and facilities in the US.
Clean Air Act	CAA	Established primary and secondary air quality standards.
Clean Water Acts	CWA	Regulates and enforces all discharge into water sources and wetland destruction/construction.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act	CERCLA Superfund	Established federal authority for emergency response and clean-up of hazardous substances.
Consumer Product Safety Act	CPSA	to protect the public against unreasonable risks of injury associated with consumer products.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species	CITES	Controls the exploitation of endangered species through international legislation.
Emergency Planning & Community Right-To-Know Act	EPCRA	Requires reporting of toxic releases: Encourages response for chemical releases
Endangered Species Act	ESA	Protects species that are considered to be threatened or endangered.

Energy Policy and Conservation Act	EPCA	Authorizes the president to draw from the petroleum reserve as well as established a permanent home-heating oil reserve in the Northeast.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act	FDA	Assures the safety, wholesomeness, efficacy, and truthful packaging and labeling of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act	FIFRA	Requires that all pesticides are registered and approved by the FDA and creates a pesticide registry.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act	FWPCA	Authorized the surgeon general of the Public Health Service, with others, to prepare comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters.
Food Quality Protection Act	FQPA	Set pesticide limits in food, & all active and inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/endocrine effects

Hazardous Material Transportation Act	HAZMAT	Governs the transportation of hazardous materials and wastes.
International Environmental Protection Act	IEPA	Authorized the president to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitat, by the Agency for International Development.
Kyoto Protocol	KP	Agreement among 150 nations requiring greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Lacey Act	LA	A conservation law prohibiting the transportation of illegally captured or prohibited animals across state lines. …primarily used to prevent the importation or spread of potentially dangerous non-native species.
Law of the Sea Convention	LOSC	International agreement that sets rules for the use of the world’s oceans.
Low Level Radioactive Policy Act	LLRPA	All states must have facilities to handle low level radioactive wastes
Madrid Protocol		Moratorium on mineral exploration for 50 years in Antarctica
Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act	MPPRCA	Regulates the dumping of wastes into oceans and coastal waters
Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act	MBHSA	Requires purchase of a stamp by waterfowl hunters. Revenue generated is used to acquire wetlands.
Mining Act of 1872	MA	United States federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals on federal public lands.
Montreal Protocol	MP	Banned the production of aerosols and initiated the phase out of all CFC’s.
National Appliance Energy Act	NAEA	Set minimum efficiency standards for numerous categories of appliances.
National Environmental Policy Act	NEPA	Authorized the Council on Environmental Quality as the oversight board for general conditions
National Park Act	NPA	Created Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks.
Noise Control Act	NCA	Promotes a national environment free from noise that jeopardizes health and welfare.
Nuclear Waste Policy Act	NWPA	Established a site to identify and construct an underground repository for spent nuclear reactor fuel and high-level radioactive waste from federal defense programs.
Occupational Safety and Health Act	OSHA	Created to protect worker and health.
Ocean Dumping Act	ODA	Makes it unlawful for any person to dump or transport for the purpose of dumping sewage, sludge, or industrial waste into ocean waters.
Oil Pollution Act	OPA	-states “A company cannot ship oil into the United States until it presents a plan to prevent spills that may occur; must also have a detailed containment and cleanup plan in case of an oil spill.”
Pollution Prevention Act	PPA	Requires facilities to reduce pollution at its source. Reduction can be in volume or toxicity.
Quiet Communities Act	QCA	Provides for the coordination of federal research and activities in noise control. Authorized FAA funds for development of noise abatement plans around airports.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act	RCRA	Set minimal standards for all waste disposal facilities and for hazardous wastes.
Safe Drinking Water Act	SDWA	The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is allowed to set the standards for drinking water quality and oversees all of the states, localities, and water suppliers.
Soil and Water Conservation Act	SWCA	a continuing appraisal of US soil, water, and related resources, including fish and wildlife habitats, and a soil and water conservation program to assist landowners.
Soil Conservation Act	SCA	deals with soil erosion problems, carries out soil surveys, and does research on soil salinity.
Solid Waste Disposal Act	SWDA	To find better and more efficient ways to dispose of solid waste; promotes shredding and separation of waste and burning of remaining materials to produce stream or generate electricity; promotes recycling.
Stockholm Declaration	SD	United Nations Conference on Human Environment having considered the need for a common outlook and principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act	SMCRA	Requires restoration of abandoned mines.
Toxic Substances Control Act	TSCA	EPA is given the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States.
Water Resources Planning Act	WRPA	Provides for a plan to formulate and evaluate water and related land resources.

Wilderness Act	WA	Allowed congress to set aside federally owned land for preservation.

Name	Abbr.	Description
Atomic Energy Act	AEA	-development and regulation of the use of nuclear materials and facilities in the US.
Clean Air Act	CAA	Established primary and secondary air quality standards.
Clean Water Acts	CWA	Regulates and enforces all discharge into water sources and wetland destruction/construction.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act	CERCLA Superfund	Established federal authority for emergency response and clean-up of hazardous substances.
Consumer Product Safety Act	CPSA	to protect the public against unreasonable risks of injury associated with consumer products.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species	CITES	Controls the exploitation of endangered species through international legislation.
Emergency Planning & Community Right-To-Know Act	EPCRA	Requires reporting of toxic releases: Encourages response for chemical releases
Endangered Species Act	ESA	Protects species that are considered to be threatened or endangered.

Energy Policy and Conservation Act	EPCA	Authorizes the president to draw from the petroleum reserve as well as established a permanent home-heating oil reserve in the Northeast.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act	FDA	Assures the safety, wholesomeness, efficacy, and truthful packaging and labeling of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act	FIFRA	Requires that all pesticides are registered and approved by the FDA and creates a pesticide registry.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act	FWPCA	Authorized the surgeon general of the Public Health Service, with others, to prepare comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters.
Food Quality Protection Act	FQPA	Set pesticide limits in food, & all active and inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/endocrine effects

Hazardous Material Transportation Act	HAZMAT	Governs the transportation of hazardous materials and wastes.
International Environmental Protection Act	IEPA	Authorized the president to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitat, by the Agency for International Development.
Kyoto Protocol	KP	Agreement among 150 nations requiring greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Lacey Act	LA	A conservation law prohibiting the transportation of illegally captured or prohibited animals across state lines. …primarily used to prevent the importation or spread of potentially dangerous non-native species.
Law of the Sea Convention	LOSC	International agreement that sets rules for the use of the world’s oceans.
Low Level Radioactive Policy Act	LLRPA	All states must have facilities to handle low level radioactive wastes
Madrid Protocol		Moratorium on mineral exploration for 50 years in Antarctica
Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act	MPPRCA	Regulates the dumping of wastes into oceans and coastal waters
Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act	MBHSA	Requires purchase of a stamp by waterfowl hunters. Revenue generated is used to acquire wetlands.
Mining Act of 1872	MA	United States federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals on federal public lands.
Montreal Protocol	MP	Banned the production of aerosols and initiated the phase out of all CFC’s.
National Appliance Energy Act	NAEA	Set minimum efficiency standards for numerous categories of appliances.
National Environmental Policy Act	NEPA	Authorized the Council on Environmental Quality as the oversight board for general conditions
National Park Act	NPA	Created Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks.
Noise Control Act	NCA	Promotes a national environment free from noise that jeopardizes health and welfare.
Nuclear Waste Policy Act	NWPA	Established a site to identify and construct an underground repository for spent nuclear reactor fuel and high-level radioactive waste from federal defense programs.
Occupational Safety and Health Act	OSHA	Created to protect worker and health.
Ocean Dumping Act	ODA	Makes it unlawful for any person to dump or transport for the purpose of dumping sewage, sludge, or industrial waste into ocean waters.
Oil Pollution Act	OPA	-states “A company cannot ship oil into the United States until it presents a plan to prevent spills that may occur; must also have a detailed containment and cleanup plan in case of an oil spill.”
Pollution Prevention Act	PPA	Requires facilities to reduce pollution at its source. Reduction can be in volume or toxicity.
Quiet Communities Act	QCA	Provides for the coordination of federal research and activities in noise control. Authorized FAA funds for development of noise abatement plans around airports.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act	RCRA	Set minimal standards for all waste disposal facilities and for hazardous wastes.
Safe Drinking Water Act	SDWA	The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is allowed to set the standards for drinking water quality and oversees all of the states, localities, and water suppliers.
Soil and Water Conservation Act	SWCA	a continuing appraisal of US soil, water, and related resources, including fish and wildlife habitats, and a soil and water conservation program to assist landowners.
Soil Conservation Act	SCA	deals with soil erosion problems, carries out soil surveys, and does research on soil salinity.
Solid Waste Disposal Act	SWDA	To find better and more efficient ways to dispose of solid waste; promotes shredding and separation of waste and burning of remaining materials to produce stream or generate electricity; promotes recycling.
Stockholm Declaration	SD	United Nations Conference on Human Environment having considered the need for a common outlook and principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act	SMCRA	Requires restoration of abandoned mines.
Toxic Substances Control Act	TSCA	EPA is given the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States.
Water Resources Planning Act	WRPA	Provides for a plan to formulate and evaluate water and related land resources.

Wilderness Act	WA	Allowed congress to set aside federally owned land for preservation.

ge structure	A population’s age structure—the proportions of individuals at various ages—can have a strong effect on how rapidly it increases or decreases in size.
biotic potential	Species vary in their biotic potential or capacity for population growth under ideal conditions.
carrying capacity (K)	Together, biotic potential and environmental resistance determine the carrying capacity (K): the maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely without being degraded.
coevolution	When populations of two different species interact in this way over a such long period of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other species. Such changes can help both sides to become more competitive or can help to avoid or reduce competition. Biologists call this process coevolution.
commensalism	is an interaction that benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other.
ecological succession	The gradual change in species composition in a given area is called ecological succession, during which, some species colonize an area and their populations become more numerous, while populations of other species decline and may even disappear.
environmental resistance	is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.
inertia, or persistence	It is useful to distinguish among two aspects of stability in living systems. One is inertia, or persistence: the ability of a living system, such as a grassland or a forest, to survive moderate disturbances.
interspecific competition	occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources such as food, light, or space.
intrinsic rate of increase (r)	is the rate at which the population of a species would grow if it had unlimited resources.
K-selected species	At the other extreme are competitor or K-selected species. They tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with fairly long life spans.
logistic growth	involves rapid exponential population growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size levels off.
mutualism	two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with food, shelter, or some other resource.
parasitism	occurs when one species (the parasite) feeds on the body of, or the energy used by, another organism (the host), usually by living on or in the host.
population density	is the number of individuals in a population found in a particular area or volume.
population dynamics	Populations differ in factors such as their distribution, numbers, age structure (proportions of individuals in different age groups), and density (number of individuals in a certain space). Population dynamics is a study of how these characteristics of populations change in response to changes in environmental conditions.
predation	In predation, a member of one species (the predator) feeds directly on all or part of a living organism of another plant or animal species (the prey) as part of a food web.
predator	In predation, a member of one species (the predator) feeds directly on all or part of a living organism of another plant or animal species (the prey) as part of a food web.
predator–prey relationship	Together, the two different species, such as lions (the predator or hunter) and zebras (the prey or hunted), form a predator–prey relationship.
prey	In predation, a member of one species (the predator) feeds directly on all or part of a living organism of another plant or animal species (the prey) as part of a food web.
primary succession	involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial ecosystem or no bottom sediment in an aquatic ecosystem.
r-selected species	Species have different reproductive patterns that can help enhance their survival. Species with a capacity for a high rate of population increase (r) are called r-selected species
resilience	A second factor is resilience: the ability of a living system to be restored through secondary succession after a moderate disturbance.
resource partitioning	It occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways, or in different places.
secondary succession	The other more common type of ecological succession is called secondary succession, in which a series of communities or ecosystems with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment.
tipping point	there are limits to the stresses that ecosystems and global systems such as climate can take. As a result, such systems can reach a tipping point, where any additional stress can cause the system to change in an abrupt and usually irreversible way that often involves collapse.——————————————————————————————————–

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